Zoos and aquariums shift to a new standard of ‘animal welfare’ that depends on a deeper understanding of animals’ lives

Climbers must climb, diggers must dig and runners must run.  <a href=Doris Rudd Designs, Photography/Moment via Getty Images” src=”https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/24snKHIWMWK5KDeMAWwGLA–/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTcwNTtoPTU0Ng–/https://media.zenfs.com/en/the_conversation_us_articles_815/4a451777d429bfc57e4215149f14c287″ data-src=”https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/24snKHIWMWK5KDeMAWwGLA–/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTcwNTtoPTU0Ng–/https://media.zenfs.com/en/the_conversation_us_articles_815/4a451777d429bfc57e4215149f14c287″/

In 1980 I visited the zoo in a major US city and found row after row of bare concrete boxes with jailhouse-style bars occupied by animals from around the world.

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